https://www.pistack.xyz/tags/benchmarks/ Recent content in Benchmarks on Pi Stack Hugo en-us Tue, 10 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.pistack.xyz/posts/2026-11-10-jvm-math-libraries-ejml-commons-math-nd4j-2026/ Tue, 10 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.pistack.xyz/posts/2026-11-10-jvm-math-libraries-ejml-commons-math-nd4j-2026/ <p>Multiply two 1,000 × 1,000 matrices on the JVM and the wall clock can differ by more than an order of magnitude depending on which library you imported — same JDK, same CPU, same heap. That gap is not a hardware problem. It is a data-layout and dispatch problem, and it is decided the moment you add a dependency to <code>pom.xml</code>. Three libraries cover most of the JVM&rsquo;s numerical work: <strong>EJML</strong> (616 stars, 0.46.1), <strong>Apache Commons Math</strong> (659 stars, 3.6.1 stable with 4.0 in beta), and <strong>ND4J</strong> (part of the Eclipse DeepLearning4j monorepo, 14,277 stars, 1.0.0-M2.1). They are not interchangeable, and picking the wrong one costs you either throughput or a 1 GB container image.</p>